Following are some simple and reproducible frameworks for studying the Bible. These work regardless of the background or age of the participants and require no preparation.
Tips:
"Children who regularly read the Bible while they were growing up were more likely to have a vibrant spiritual life once they became adults." (source)
Observation, interpretation, and application (OIA) -- This basic, but time-tested framework helps participants dig deeper into the text.
Another article describing OIA
IV's site on studying the Bible
How To Unpack A Bible Passage article.
Swedish Method -- By utilizing icons like a lightbulb, question mark, arrow, and speech bubble, this framework encourages questions and application. Do note the additional resources at the bottom of the linked page.
- 💡A light bulb: Something that ‘shines’, that impacts, or draws your attention.
- ❓A question mark: Anything not understood from the text, or a question you’d like to ask the writer or the Lord.
- ⬅️ An arrow: A personal application.
- 💬 A speech bubble with a name: Someone who would benefit from hearing about what you discovered in the passage, before the next Bible study.
Context, observation, meaning, application (COMA) (PDF) - This is a robust framework that helps participants connect the text to the storyline of the Bible and their own lives.
Seven Arrows - This frameworks helps in summarizing the text and viewing it in relationship to various aspects of our lives. There is also a course on this framework.
This was developed by a youth pastor in Ohio based loosely on David Helm's One-to-one Bible Reading.
(More here and specific questions found in chapter 24 of "Lead Them to Jesus.")